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Bergen was part of the 17th century colony of New Netherland centered on Fort Amsterdam in what is now northeastern New Jersey. Placenames in most cases had their roots in Algonquian language Lenape and Dutch. At the time of European settlement it was the territory of the Acquackanonk Raritan, Tappan, and Hackensack Indians. The Munsee lived in its northwestern reaches (Highlands), while the Wappinger lived to the northeast (Hudson Valley) and the Canarsee and Reckgawawanc lived to the east. The definition of these groups as they are known today is often from the perception of the colonizing population, who tended to call the existing people by the name of a location within their territory, thus creating an exonym. Both the Lenape and Dutch often gave names inspired by the geography or geology of the natural environment and described a shape, location, feature, quality, or phenomenon. The Lenape were without a written language. The ''Swannikens'', or ''Salt Water People'' (as the Europeans were called),〔Ruttenber, E.M.,Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)〕 used the Latin alphabet to write down the words they heard from the ''Wilden'' (as the Lenape were called).〔 These approximations were no doubt greatly influenced by Dutch, which was the lingua franca of the multilingual province.〔(Un-Pilgrims - Article by Russell Shorto )〕 Some names still exist in their altered form, their current spelling (and presumably pronunciation) having evolved over the last four centuries into American English. In some cases it cannot be confirmed, or there is contention, as to whether the roots are in the Dutch or the Lenape, as sources do not always concur. In others, the meaning of the Lenape can have several interpretations. Locative suffixes vary depending on the dialect (usually Munsee or Unami) of the Lenape that prevailed. ==''Acquackanonk''== Name of an Unami group who lived along and between the banks of the Passaic Neck 〔http://www.hiddenhistory.com/PAGE3/swsts/nujers-1.HTM#Delaware〕 and the name of one of state's first townships, established in 1683. Meaning ''a place in a rapid stream where fishing is done with a net'',〔http://www.wanaqueborough.com/archive/lenape.htm〕 Alternatively, ''at the lamprey stream'' from contemporary ''axkwaakahnung''. Spellings include ''Achquakanonk'', ''Acquackanonk'',〔http://www.woodlandindians.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=3749〕''Auchaquackanock'',〔http://files.usgwarchives.org/nj/bergen/land/deed-s.txt〕 ''Ackquekenon'' 〔James, B.B. & James, J.F., ed., JOURNAL OF JASPER DANCKAERTS, 1679-1680, New York, 1913, pages 176-7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Bergen, New Netherland placename etymologies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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